National Bureau of Statistics: China's transportation industry is booming

Today, the National Bureau of statistics released the 16th of a series of reports on the achievements of economic and social development in the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China - Transportation paves the way for the hub of a powerful country, and posts and Telecommunications help innovate the economic ship.

The report points out that China's transportation industry is booming and has achieved a historic leap. The specific manifestations are as follows: the process of transportation reform is accelerating, opening a new journey to become a powerful transportation country; The comprehensive transportation network is becoming more and more perfect, and a variety of transportation modes go hand in hand; The support capacity of transportation services was significantly improved, and the passenger and freight traffic volume increased significantly.

The 70 years since the founding of new China have witnessed the continuous integration of transportation infrastructure and the significant improvement of comprehensive transportation support capacity; It has been 70 years since the transportation industry continuously deepened reform and made solid progress towards the goal of becoming a transportation power. The process of transportation reform has been accelerating, opening a new journey to become a powerful transportation country. In the early days of the founding of new China, there were all kinds of wastes waiting to flourish, and the construction of transportation has been gradually strengthened.

At the beginning of the founding of new China, transportation was very backward. The total railway mileage in China is only 22000 kilometers. The highway mileage is only 81000 kilometers, and there is no expressway. There are 74000 kilometers of inland waterways, of which only 24000 kilometers are classified waterways. The mileage of civil aviation routes is 11000 kilometers, with only 12 routes. In the nearly 30 years from the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, transportation, as a leading field of the national economy, has gradually increased the intensity of infrastructure construction with the support of government policies and funds, and achieved phased results.

However, in general, transportation supply lags behind demand growth, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the national economy. Reform and opening up has written a new chapter in economic development, and transportation has entered the fast lane of development.

In the early stage of reform and opening up, with the advancement of economic system reform, the government made pioneering exploration in liberalizing the transportation market and establishing a socialized financing mechanism.

For example, the railway implements the economic contract responsibility system; Introduce three policies to support highway development, such as raising the collection standard of road maintenance fees, levying vehicle purchase surcharges and "building roads with loans and paying back loans with fees"; The bidding system has been implemented for highway and water transportation construction projects.

With the strengthening of reform and opening up, the construction of transportation infrastructure has accelerated, which has greatly alleviated the demand for transportation development due to social and economic development and the continuous upgrading of people's material life. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform has been comprehensively deepened and continuously promoted, and the construction of comprehensive transportation has made remarkable achievements.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the construction of modern comprehensive transportation system has entered a new stage. The national transportation industry has made overall plans to promote the networked layout of infrastructure. The infrastructure construction of railway, highway, water transportation and civil aviation has made up for deficiencies and strengthened muscles and bones. The "five vertical and five horizontal" comprehensive transportation channels have been basically connected, the support capacity of transportation services has been significantly improved, and the role of the main artery of the national economy has become increasingly apparent.

At this stage, the development of transportation has realized the phased transformation from "overall mitigation" to "basic adaptation", which provides a strong support for the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. China has also gradually moved from a "large transportation country" to a "powerful transportation country". The comprehensive transportation network is becoming more and more perfect, and a variety of transportation modes go hand in hand. The railway network extends vertically and horizontally, and the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway network is completed and put into operation. After the establishment of new railway hubs in southwest and Northwest China, a large number of new lines have been built to communicate with China.

A large number of Trunk Railways such as Chengdu Chongqing, Tianlan and Lanxin have been built one after another, extending to all provinces and regions except Tibet. By the end of 1978, China's railway operating mileage had increased to 52000 kilometers. After the reform and opening up, China's railway construction has advanced by leaps and bounds, the scale of the road network has been further expanded, and the quality of the road network has been significantly improved.

By the end of 2018, the total operating mileage of Railways in China had reached 132000 kilometers, an increase of 5.0 times over 1949 and an average annual growth of 2.6%. Among them, the electrification mileage is 92000 kilometers and the double track mileage is 76000 kilometers. The electrification rate and double track rate reach 70.0% and 58.0% respectively.

The opening of Beijing Tianjin high-speed railway in 2008 marks the beginning of China's railway into the era of high-speed railway. After nearly a decade of rapid construction, the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network has been completed and put into operation, and China has become one of the few countries in the world with high-speed rail network operation.

By the end of 2018, the total operating mileage of high-speed rail was 30000 kilometers, 44.5 times that of 2008, with an average annual growth of 46.2%. The operating mileage of high-speed rail exceeded two-thirds of the total mileage of high-speed rail in the world, ranking the top in the world. The highway network extends in all directions, and the highway construction has achieved remarkable results.

After the founding of new China, on the basis of repairing the original roads, trunk roads such as kangzang and Sichuan Tibet have been built successively. By 1978, the national highway mileage had reached 89000 kilometers, 11.0 times that in the early days of the founding of new China. After the reform and opening up, the state has continued to increase investment in highway infrastructure construction, the total mileage of highways has increased rapidly, and the road network accessibility has been significantly improved.

By the end of 2018, the total mileage of national roads had reached 4.85 million kilometers, 60.0 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 6.1%; The highway density reached 50.5 km / 100 square kilometers, and the highway density per 100 square kilometers increased by 49.6 km. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has carried out the construction of "four good rural roads" and implemented projects such as "100 key transportation poverty alleviation channel projects", so as to further improve the coverage and quality of rural roads. By the end of 2018, the mileage of rural roads had reached 4.04 million kilometers, and the number of towns and villages connected with hardened roads and organic villages had reached 99.6% and 99.5% respectively.

Since the completion and opening of Hujia highway in 1988, the development of expressway has been accelerating, realizing the great leap forward development from scratch to network coverage. By the end of 2018, the total mileage of expressways was 143000 kilometers, with an average annual growth of 25.8%, ranking among the top in the world. The construction of large ports was accelerated, and the navigation conditions of inland waterways were significantly improved. From the early days of the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, China has carried out port infrastructure construction in a planned way and made remarkable achievements.

By the end of 1978, the number of berths for port production in China had increased from 161 in 1949 to 735. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the development of foreign trade, port construction has entered a stage of rapid development. Especially since the 1990s, the construction of modern deep-water, large-scale and professional terminals has accelerated.

By the end of 2018, ports across the country had 23919 wharf berths for production, 148.6 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.5%. Among them, the number of berths of 10000 tons and above increased from 38 in 1957 to 2444, with an average annual growth of 7.1%. In 2018, Chinese ports accounted for seven of the top ten ports in the world in terms of container throughput.

At the same time, the connecting conditions of China's inland waterways and inland waterways will be continuously improved. By the end of 2018, the navigation mileage of inland waterways had reached 127000 kilometers, of which grade waterways accounted for 52.3%. Civil aviation has taken on a new look, and the airline network and airport scale have been continuously expanded.

70 years since the founding of new China, civil aviation has experienced an extraordinary development process from small to large, from weak to strong. After decades of sustained and rapid development, China's civil aviation airport facilities have been continuously improved, the route network coverage has been greatly improved, and the air transportation support capacity has been significantly enhanced.

By the end of 2018, the total number of scheduled flights had reached 4945, 412.1 times that of 1950, with an average annual growth of 9.3%; The route mileage of scheduled flights increased from 11000 kilometers in 1950 to 8.38 million kilometers in 2018, with an average annual increase of 10.2%; The number of domestic regular flight cities increased from 7 in 1950 to 230 in 2018.

The number of regular flight airports increased from 36 in 1949 to 233 in 2018, initially forming a pattern with international hub airports as the center, regional hub airports as the backbone and other trunk and branch airports cooperating with each other. The transportation service support capacity has been significantly improved, the passenger and freight traffic volume has increased significantly, the transportation equipment has been upgraded, and the scientific and technological level is changing with each passing day.

In the 70 years since the founding of new China, the quantity and quality of China's transportation equipment have increased and made great progress. The ownership and equipment level of railway locomotives, civil cars, civil aircraft and all kinds of ships have been continuously improved. By the end of 2018, China's railways had 21000 locomotives, 5.3 times that of 1949; The number of civilian cars is 230 million, 4564.1 times that of 1949; The number of civil aircraft increased from 404 in 1985 to 6134 in 2018; There are 137000 water transport ships, 30.3 times that of 1950.

At the same time of the surge in the number, all kinds of transportation equipment and technology continue to make breakthroughs and innovations. A number of high-performance railway and aircraft equipment technologies with independent intellectual property rights, represented by high-speed trains, high-power locomotives and large passenger aircraft, have reached the world advanced level. The transportation support capacity has been steadily improved, and the traffic volume has increased significantly. The transportation network and diversified means of transportation extending in all directions have greatly met the travel and cargo transportation needs of residents, driving the substantial growth of passenger and cargo transportation volume.

In 2018, the passenger volume of major modes of transportation in China was 17.9 billion, and the passenger turnover was 3421.8 billion person kilometers, 128.5 times and 220.8 times higher than that in 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.3% and 8.1% respectively. The freight volume reached 51.5 billion tons and the freight turnover reached 20468.6 billion ton kilometers, 275.3 times and 793.8 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 8.5% and 10.2% respectively. With the accelerated construction of modern terminals, the cargo throughput of the port has increased significantly.

In 2018, the cargo throughput of major coastal ports above designated size was 9.22 billion tons, 1390.6 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 11.1%. Transportation services have been transformed and upgraded, and residents' travel and goods circulation have become more efficient.

Under the active promotion of policies, a number of comprehensive passenger transport hubs have emerged, such as Shanghai Hongqiao comprehensive passenger transport hub and Guangzhou South Railway Station comprehensive passenger transport hub, so as to realize the seamless connection of high-speed rail, urban passenger transport, rail transit, civil aviation and other transportation modes, and make passenger transfer more convenient.

With the development of the Internet, railway passenger transport, Internet Ticketing and other information services are fully popularized. Internet travel modes such as didi taxi are in the ascendant, and residents' travel modes are more diverse. Multimodal transport, non vessel transportation, non vehicle transportation and other freight organization forms have developed rapidly, the timeliness and scalability of cargo transportation have been greatly improved, and a convenient and efficient cargo transportation service system has been gradually formed.