Transportation paves the way for a powerful hub

Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has adhered to the concept of taking the lead in transportation in economic and social development. Historic changes have taken place in the field of transportation. The transportation infrastructure has accelerated into a network, and the transportation service capacity has reached a higher level, which has played a leading role in the development of the national economy. Innovation has led the leapfrog development of the post and telecommunications industry, significantly improved the comprehensive communication capacity, and continuously expanded new postal services, injecting new momentum into economic development.

1、 The transportation industry has developed vigorously and achieved a historic leap

The 70 years since the founding of new China have witnessed the continuous integration of transportation infrastructure and the significant improvement of comprehensive transportation support capacity; It has been 70 years since the transportation industry continuously deepened reform and made solid progress towards the goal of becoming a transportation power.

（1） The process of transportation reform has been accelerating, opening a new journey to become a powerful transportation country

In the early days of the founding of new China, a hundred wastes were waiting for prosperity, and the construction of transportation was gradually strengthened. At the beginning of the founding of new China, transportation was very backward. The total railway mileage in China is only 22000 kilometers. The highway mileage is only 81000 kilometers, and there is no expressway. There are 74000 kilometers of inland waterways, of which only 24000 kilometers are classified waterways. The mileage of civil aviation routes is 11000 kilometers, with only 12 routes. In the nearly 30 years from the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, transportation, as a leading field of the national economy, has gradually increased the intensity of infrastructure construction with the support of government policies and funds, and achieved phased results. However, in general, transportation supply lags behind demand growth, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the national economy.

Reform and opening up has written a new chapter in economic development, and transportation has entered the fast lane of development. In the early stage of reform and opening up, with the advancement of economic system reform, the government made pioneering exploration in liberalizing the transportation market and establishing a socialized financing mechanism. For example, the railway implements the economic contract responsibility system; Introduce three policies to support highway development, such as raising the collection standard of road maintenance fees, levying vehicle purchase surcharges and "building roads with loans and paying back loans with fees"; The bidding system has been implemented for highway and water transportation engineering construction projects [1]. With the strengthening of reform and opening up, the construction of transportation infrastructure has accelerated, which has greatly alleviated the demand for transportation development due to social and economic development and the continuous upgrading of people's material life.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform has been comprehensively deepened and continuously promoted, and the construction of comprehensive transportation has made remarkable achievements. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the construction of modern comprehensive transportation system has entered a new stage. The national transportation industry has made overall plans to promote the networked layout of infrastructure. The infrastructure construction of railway, highway, water transportation and civil aviation has made up for deficiencies and strengthened muscles and bones. The "five vertical and five horizontal" comprehensive transportation channels have been basically connected, the support capacity of transportation services has been significantly improved, and the role of the main artery of the national economy has become increasingly apparent. At this stage, the development of transportation has realized the phased transformation from "overall mitigation" to "basic adaptation", which provides a strong support for the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. China has also gradually moved from a "large transportation country" to a "powerful transportation country".

（2） The comprehensive transportation network is becoming more and more perfect, and a variety of transportation modes go hand in hand

The railway network extends vertically and horizontally, and the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway network has been completed and put into operation. After the establishment of new railway hubs in southwest and Northwest China, a large number of new lines have been built to communicate with China. A large number of Trunk Railways such as Chengdu Chongqing, Tianlan and Lanxin have been built one after another, extending to all provinces and regions except Tibet. By the end of 1978, China's railway operating mileage had increased to 52000 kilometers. After the reform and opening up, China's railway construction has advanced by leaps and bounds, the scale of the road network has been further expanded, and the quality of the road network has been significantly improved. By the end of 2018, the total railway mileage in China had reached 132000 kilometers [2], an increase of 5.0 times over 1949, with an average annual growth of 2.6%. Among them, the electrification mileage is 92000 kilometers and the double track mileage is 76000 kilometers. The electrification rate and double track rate reach 70.0% and 58.0% respectively.

The opening of Beijing Tianjin high-speed railway in 2008 marks the beginning of China's railway into the era of high-speed railway. After nearly a decade of rapid construction, the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network has been completed and put into operation, and China has become one of the few countries in the world with high-speed rail network operation. By the end of 2018, the total operating mileage of high-speed rail was 30000 kilometers, 44.5 times that of 2008, with an average annual growth of 46.2%. The operating mileage of high-speed rail exceeded two-thirds of the total mileage of high-speed rail in the world, ranking the top in the world.

The highway network extends in all directions, and the highway construction has achieved remarkable results. After the founding of new China, on the basis of repairing the original roads, trunk roads such as kangzang and Sichuan Tibet have been built successively. By 1978, the national highway mileage had reached 89000 kilometers, 11.0 times that in the early days of the founding of new China. After the reform and opening up, the state has continued to increase investment in highway infrastructure construction, the total mileage of highways has increased rapidly, and the road network accessibility has been significantly improved. By the end of 2018, the total mileage of national roads had reached 4.85 million kilometers, 60.0 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 6.1%; The highway density reached 50.5 km / 100 square kilometers, and the highway density per 100 square kilometers increased by 49.6 km. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has carried out the construction of "four good rural roads" and implemented projects such as "100 key transportation poverty alleviation channel projects", so as to further improve the coverage and quality of rural roads. By the end of 2018, the mileage of rural roads had reached 4.04 million kilometers, and the number of towns and villages connected with hardened roads and organic villages had reached 99.6% and 99.5% respectively.

Since the completion and opening of Hujia highway in 1988, the development of expressway has been accelerating, realizing the great leap forward development from scratch to network coverage. By the end of 2018, the total mileage of expressways was 143000 kilometers, with an average annual growth of 25.8%, ranking among the top in the world.

The construction of large ports was accelerated, and the navigation conditions of inland waterways were significantly improved. From the early days of the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, China has carried out port infrastructure construction in a planned way and made remarkable achievements. By the end of 1978, the number of berths for port production in China had increased from 161 in 1949 to 735. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the development of foreign trade, port construction has entered a stage of rapid development. Especially since the 1990s, the construction of modern deep-water, large-scale and professional terminals has accelerated. By the end of 2018, ports across the country had 23919 wharf berths for production, 148.6 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.5%. Among them, the number of berths of 10000 tons and above increased from 38 in 1957 to 2444, with an average annual growth of 7.1%. In 2018, Chinese ports accounted for seven of the top ten ports in the world in terms of container throughput. At the same time, the connecting conditions of China's inland waterways and inland waterways will be continuously improved. By the end of 2018, the navigation mileage of inland waterways had reached 127000 kilometers, of which grade waterways accounted for 52.3%.

Civil aviation has taken on a new look, and the airline network and airport scale have been continuously expanded. 70 years since the founding of new China, civil aviation has experienced an extraordinary development process from small to large, from weak to strong. After decades of sustained and rapid development, China's civil aviation airport facilities have been continuously improved, the route network coverage has been greatly improved, and the air transportation support capacity has been significantly enhanced. By the end of 2018, the total number of scheduled flights had reached 4945, 412.1 times that of 1950, with an average annual growth of 9.3%; The route mileage of scheduled flights increased from 11000 kilometers in 1950 to 8.38 million kilometers in 2018, with an average annual increase of 10.2%; The number of domestic regular flight cities increased from 7 in 1950 to 230 in 2018; The number of regular flight airports increased from 36 in 1949 to 233 in 2018, initially forming a pattern with international hub airports as the center, regional hub airports as the backbone and other trunk and branch airports cooperating with each other.

（3） The support capacity of transportation services was significantly improved, and the passenger and freight traffic volume increased significantly

Transportation equipment has been upgraded, and the level of science and technology is changing with each passing day. In the 70 years since the founding of new China, the quantity and quality of China's transportation equipment have increased and made great progress. The ownership and equipment level of railway locomotives, civil cars, civil aircraft and all kinds of ships have been continuously improved. By the end of 2018, China's railways had 21000 locomotives, 5.3 times that of 1949; The number of civilian cars is 230 million, 4564.1 times that of 1949; The number of civil aircraft increased from 404 in 1985 to 6134 in 2018; There are 137000 water transport ships, 30.3 times that of 1950. At the same time of the surge in the number, all kinds of transportation equipment and technology continue to make breakthroughs and innovations. A number of high-performance railway and aircraft equipment technologies with independent intellectual property rights, represented by high-speed trains, high-power locomotives and large passenger aircraft, have reached the world advanced level.

The transportation support capacity has been steadily improved, and the traffic volume has increased significantly. The transportation network and diversified means of transportation extending in all directions have greatly met the travel and cargo transportation needs of residents, driving the substantial growth of passenger and cargo transportation volume. In 2018, the passenger volume of major modes of transportation in China was 17.9 billion, and the passenger turnover was 3421.8 billion person kilometers, 128.5 times and 220.8 times higher than that in 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.3% and 8.1% respectively. The freight volume reached 51.5 billion tons and the freight turnover reached 20468.6 billion ton kilometers, 275.3 times and 793.8 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 8.5% and 10.2% respectively. With the accelerated construction of modern terminals, the cargo throughput of the port has increased significantly. In 2018, the cargo throughput of major coastal ports above designated size was 9.22 billion tons, 1390.6 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 11.1%.

Transportation services have been transformed and upgraded, and residents' travel and goods circulation have become more efficient. Under the active promotion of policies, a number of comprehensive passenger transport hubs have emerged, such as Shanghai Hongqiao comprehensive passenger transport hub and Guangzhou South Railway Station comprehensive passenger transport hub, so as to realize the seamless connection of high-speed rail, urban passenger transport, rail transit, civil aviation and other transportation modes, and make passenger transfer more convenient. With the development of the Internet, railway passenger transport, Internet Ticketing and other information services are fully popularized. Internet travel modes such as didi taxi are in the ascendant, and residents' travel modes are more diverse. Multimodal transport, non vessel transportation, non vehicle transportation and other freight organization forms have developed rapidly, the timeliness and scalability of cargo transportation have been greatly improved, and a convenient and efficient cargo transportation service system has been gradually formed.

2、 Postal services have been improved in quality and efficiency, and new businesses have been revitalized

The 70 years since the founding of new China have been the 70 years when the postal system has been reformed and improved and the industry has burst into vitality; It has been 70 years since express service came into being and became a top express country in the world.

（1） The reform of the postal industry has been steadily promoted, and the development of the industry has been accelerated and shifted

At the beginning of the founding of new China, the postal industry advanced in exploration. At the beginning of the founding of new China, the postal network was incomplete, and the production equipment was old and backward. The length of postal roads across the country was only 706000 kilometers, with 26000 postal service offices, and most of the facilities were concentrated in large and medium-sized cities. In the following decades, the people's postal service has continued to grow, restored and built a basic postal network connecting urban and rural areas and covering the whole country, and the level of postal services has been greatly improved. By the end of 1978, there were 50000 postal outlets nationwide, with a total length of 4.86 million kilometers.

The reform of the postal industry has been continuously promoted, and the development of the industry is full of vitality. After the reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have continuously strengthened the top-level design of the reform and development of the postal industry. In 1986, the postal law of the new Ministry of Commerce was promulgated; In 1998, the postal industry implemented a major system reform, from "integration of Posts and Telecommunications" to "separation of Posts and Telecommunications"; In 2005, the postal industry was separated from administrative enterprises, and the postal supervision system and operation mechanism more adapted to the needs of the market economy. The reform of the postal industry has been further promoted, further emancipating and developing the productive forces and stimulating the innovation vitality of enterprises. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the postal industry has further strengthened its functions of government, people and trade, and further highlighted its fundamental role in serving economic and social development. China has become a global postal market with fast growth and great development potential.

（2） Remarkable achievements have been made in infrastructure construction, and postal services cover both urban and rural areas

Remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of postal infrastructure, and the scale of the industry has been expanding. After 70 years of large-scale construction, the postal industry has basically formed a modern postal network connecting urban and rural areas, covering the whole country and connecting the world through the comprehensive utilization of various forms of transportation by air, railway and highway. The receiving, mailing and delivery capacity has been greatly improved, and the convenience of postal use has been significantly improved. By the end of 2018, the total length of postal roads was 9.85 million kilometers and there were 275000 postal outlets, 14.0 times and 10.4 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 3.9% and 3.5% respectively. In 1949, the total amount of postal business in China was only 160 million yuan. In 2018, the total amount of postal business has reached trillions. The total amount of postal business completed in the whole year was 1234.5 billion yuan [3], and the growth rate is remarkable.

（3） The express industry is poised to rise from scratch, and the business scale has reached a new high

The express industry has sprung up and the market scale is expanding. In 1980 and 1984, China Post successively launched international and domestic express mail services, opening a precedent in express delivery business. Subsequently, the reform of postal system, the growth of residents' demand for goods delivery and the development of transportation have created unprecedented opportunities and conditions for the rise of express industry. With the magnificent reform process, the express industry has grown and expanded, and the express business volume has continued to stay ahead of the world since surpassing the United States for the first time in 2014. By the end of 2018, the total volume of express business had surged from 1.53 million in 1988 to 50.7 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 41.5%; In 2018, the express business revenue was 603.8 billion yuan, accounting for 76.4% of the postal business revenue.

The application of transportation equipment and information technology was accelerated, and the quality and efficiency of express service were gradually improved. The number of transportation equipment in the express industry has increased significantly. The application of a number of key technologies for the development of industries such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of things and intelligent sorting has been accelerated. Automated sorting covers key express enterprises, and the timeliness and stability of express services have been continuously improved. By the end of 2018, there were 116 domestic express special cargo aircraft and 239000 express service vehicles, 2.1 times and 1.5 times higher than that in 2013, with an average annual growth of 16.5% and 8.8%.

3、 The communication industry has developed by leaps and bounds, and the communication capacity has been significantly improved

The 70 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China have been 70 years of innovation in communication business and continuous changes in communication methods; It has been 70 years of catching up with and surpassing communication technology and continuously improving communication capacity.

（1） The pace of development of the communications industry has been gradually accelerated to achieve leapfrog development

Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has adhered to the concept of taking the lead in transportation in economic and social development. Historic changes have taken place in the field of transportation. The transportation infrastructure has accelerated into a network, and the transportation service capacity has reached a higher level, which has played a leading role in the development of the national economy. Innovation has led the leapfrog development of the post and telecommunications industry, significantly improved the comprehensive communication capacity, and continuously expanded new postal services, injecting new momentum into economic development.

1、 The transportation industry has developed vigorously and achieved a historic leap

The 70 years since the founding of new China have witnessed the continuous integration of transportation infrastructure and the significant improvement of comprehensive transportation support capacity; It has been 70 years since the transportation industry continuously deepened reform and made solid progress towards the goal of becoming a transportation power.

（1） The process of transportation reform has been accelerating, opening a new journey to become a powerful transportation country

In the early days of the founding of new China, a hundred wastes were waiting for prosperity, and the construction of transportation was gradually strengthened. At the beginning of the founding of new China, transportation was very backward. The total railway mileage in China is only 22000 kilometers. The highway mileage is only 81000 kilometers, and there is no expressway. There are 74000 kilometers of inland waterways, of which only 24000 kilometers are classified waterways. The mileage of civil aviation routes is 11000 kilometers, with only 12 routes. In the nearly 30 years from the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, transportation, as a leading field of the national economy, has gradually increased the intensity of infrastructure construction with the support of government policies and funds, and achieved phased results. However, in general, transportation supply lags behind demand growth, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the national economy.

Reform and opening up has written a new chapter in economic development, and transportation has entered the fast lane of development. In the early stage of reform and opening up, with the advancement of economic system reform, the government made pioneering exploration in liberalizing the transportation market and establishing a socialized financing mechanism. For example, the railway implements the economic contract responsibility system; Introduce three policies to support highway development, such as raising the collection standard of road maintenance fees, levying vehicle purchase surcharges and "building roads with loans and paying back loans with fees"; The bidding system has been implemented for highway and water transportation engineering construction projects [1]. With the strengthening of reform and opening up, the construction of transportation infrastructure has accelerated, which has greatly alleviated the demand for transportation development due to social and economic development and the continuous upgrading of people's material life.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform has been comprehensively deepened and continuously promoted, and the construction of comprehensive transportation has made remarkable achievements. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the construction of modern comprehensive transportation system has entered a new stage. The national transportation industry has made overall plans to promote the networked layout of infrastructure. The infrastructure construction of railway, highway, water transportation and civil aviation has made up for deficiencies and strengthened muscles and bones. The "five vertical and five horizontal" comprehensive transportation channels have been basically connected, the support capacity of transportation services has been significantly improved, and the role of the main artery of the national economy has become increasingly apparent. At this stage, the development of transportation has realized the phased transformation from "overall mitigation" to "basic adaptation", which provides a strong support for the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. China has also gradually moved from a "large transportation country" to a "powerful transportation country".

（2） The comprehensive transportation network is becoming more and more perfect, and a variety of transportation modes go hand in hand

The railway network extends vertically and horizontally, and the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway network has been completed and put into operation. After the establishment of new railway hubs in southwest and Northwest China, a large number of new lines have been built to communicate with China. A large number of Trunk Railways such as Chengdu Chongqing, Tianlan and Lanxin have been built one after another, extending to all provinces and regions except Tibet. By the end of 1978, China's railway operating mileage had increased to 52000 kilometers. After the reform and opening up, China's railway construction has advanced by leaps and bounds, the scale of the road network has been further expanded, and the quality of the road network has been significantly improved. By the end of 2018, the total railway mileage in China had reached 132000 kilometers [2], an increase of 5.0 times over 1949, with an average annual growth of 2.6%. Among them, the electrification mileage is 92000 kilometers and the double track mileage is 76000 kilometers. The electrification rate and double track rate reach 70.0% and 58.0% respectively.

The opening of Beijing Tianjin high-speed railway in 2008 marks the beginning of China's railway into the era of high-speed railway. After nearly a decade of rapid construction, the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network has been completed and put into operation, and China has become one of the few countries in the world with high-speed rail network operation. By the end of 2018, the total operating mileage of high-speed rail was 30000 kilometers, 44.5 times that of 2008, with an average annual growth of 46.2%. The operating mileage of high-speed rail exceeded two-thirds of the total mileage of high-speed rail in the world, ranking the top in the world.

The highway network extends in all directions, and the highway construction has achieved remarkable results. After the founding of new China, on the basis of repairing the original roads, trunk roads such as kangzang and Sichuan Tibet have been built successively. By 1978, the national highway mileage had reached 89000 kilometers, 11.0 times that in the early days of the founding of new China. After the reform and opening up, the state has continued to increase investment in highway infrastructure construction, the total mileage of highways has increased rapidly, and the road network accessibility has been significantly improved. By the end of 2018, the total mileage of national roads had reached 4.85 million kilometers, 60.0 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 6.1%; The highway density reached 50.5 km / 100 square kilometers, and the highway density per 100 square kilometers increased by 49.6 km. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has carried out the construction of "four good rural roads" and implemented projects such as "100 key transportation poverty alleviation channel projects", so as to further improve the coverage and quality of rural roads. By the end of 2018, the mileage of rural roads had reached 4.04 million kilometers, and the number of towns and villages connected with hardened roads and organic villages had reached 99.6% and 99.5% respectively.

Since the completion and opening of Hujia highway in 1988, the development of expressway has been accelerating, realizing the great leap forward development from scratch to network coverage. By the end of 2018, the total mileage of expressways was 143000 kilometers, with an average annual growth of 25.8%, ranking among the top in the world.

The construction of large ports was accelerated, and the navigation conditions of inland waterways were significantly improved. From the early days of the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, China has carried out port infrastructure construction in a planned way and made remarkable achievements. By the end of 1978, the number of berths for port production in China had increased from 161 in 1949 to 735. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the development of foreign trade, port construction has entered a stage of rapid development. Especially since the 1990s, the construction of modern deep-water, large-scale and professional terminals has accelerated. By the end of 2018, ports across the country had 23919 wharf berths for production, 148.6 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.5%. Among them, the number of berths of 10000 tons and above increased from 38 in 1957 to 2444, with an average annual growth of 7.1%. In 2018, Chinese ports accounted for seven of the top ten ports in the world in terms of container throughput. At the same time, the connecting conditions of China's inland waterways and inland waterways will be continuously improved. By the end of 2018, the navigation mileage of inland waterways had reached 127000 kilometers, of which grade waterways accounted for 52.3%.

Civil aviation has taken on a new look, and the airline network and airport scale have been continuously expanded. 70 years since the founding of new China, civil aviation has experienced an extraordinary development process from small to large, from weak to strong. After decades of sustained and rapid development, China's civil aviation airport facilities have been continuously improved, the route network coverage has been greatly improved, and the air transportation support capacity has been significantly enhanced. By the end of 2018, the total number of scheduled flights had reached 4945, 412.1 times that of 1950, with an average annual growth of 9.3%; The route mileage of scheduled flights increased from 11000 kilometers in 1950 to 8.38 million kilometers in 2018, with an average annual increase of 10.2%; The number of domestic regular flight cities increased from 7 in 1950 to 230 in 2018; The number of regular flight airports increased from 36 in 1949 to 233 in 2018, initially forming a pattern with international hub airports as the center, regional hub airports as the backbone and other trunk and branch airports cooperating with each other.

（3） The support capacity of transportation services was significantly improved, and the passenger and freight traffic volume increased significantly

Transportation equipment has been upgraded, and the level of science and technology is changing with each passing day. In the 70 years since the founding of new China, the quantity and quality of China's transportation equipment have increased and made great progress. The ownership and equipment level of railway locomotives, civil cars, civil aircraft and all kinds of ships have been continuously improved. By the end of 2018, China's railways had 21000 locomotives, 5.3 times that of 1949; The number of civilian cars is 230 million, 4564.1 times that of 1949; The number of civil aircraft increased from 404 in 1985 to 6134 in 2018; There are 137000 water transport ships, 30.3 times that of 1950. At the same time of the surge in the number, all kinds of transportation equipment and technology continue to make breakthroughs and innovations. A number of high-performance railway and aircraft equipment technologies with independent intellectual property rights, represented by high-speed trains, high-power locomotives and large passenger aircraft, have reached the world advanced level.

The transportation support capacity has been steadily improved, and the traffic volume has increased significantly. The transportation network and diversified means of transportation extending in all directions have greatly met the travel and cargo transportation needs of residents, driving the substantial growth of passenger and cargo transportation volume. In 2018, the passenger volume of major modes of transportation in China was 17.9 billion, and the passenger turnover was 3421.8 billion person kilometers, 128.5 times and 220.8 times higher than that in 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.3% and 8.1% respectively. The freight volume reached 51.5 billion tons and the freight turnover reached 20468.6 billion ton kilometers, 275.3 times and 793.8 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 8.5% and 10.2% respectively. With the accelerated construction of modern terminals, the cargo throughput of the port has increased significantly. In 2018, the cargo throughput of major coastal ports above designated size was 9.22 billion tons, 1390.6 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 11.1%.

Transportation services have been transformed and upgraded, and residents' travel and goods circulation have become more efficient. Under the active promotion of policies, a number of comprehensive passenger transport hubs have emerged, such as Shanghai Hongqiao comprehensive passenger transport hub and Guangzhou South Railway Station comprehensive passenger transport hub, so as to realize the seamless connection of high-speed rail, urban passenger transport, rail transit, civil aviation and other transportation modes, and make passenger transfer more convenient. With the development of the Internet, railway passenger transport, Internet Ticketing and other information services are fully popularized. Internet travel modes such as didi taxi are in the ascendant, and residents' travel modes are more diverse. Multimodal transport, non vessel transportation, non vehicle transportation and other freight organization forms have developed rapidly, the timeliness and scalability of cargo transportation have been greatly improved, and a convenient and efficient cargo transportation service system has been gradually formed.

2、 Postal services have been improved in quality and efficiency, and new businesses have been revitalized

The 70 years since the founding of new China have been the 70 years when the postal system has been reformed and improved and the industry has burst into vitality; It has been 70 years since express service came into being and became a top express country in the world.

（1） The reform of the postal industry has been steadily promoted, and the development of the industry has been accelerated and shifted

At the beginning of the founding of new China, the postal industry advanced in exploration. At the beginning of the founding of new China, the postal network was incomplete, and the production equipment was old and backward. The length of postal roads across the country was only 706000 kilometers, with 26000 postal service offices, and most of the facilities were concentrated in large and medium-sized cities. In the following decades, the people's postal service has continued to grow, restored and built a basic postal network connecting urban and rural areas and covering the whole country, and the level of postal services has been greatly improved. By the end of 1978, there were 50000 postal outlets nationwide, with a total length of 4.86 million kilometers.

The reform of the postal industry has been continuously promoted, and the development of the industry is full of vitality. After the reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have continuously strengthened the top-level design of the reform and development of the postal industry. In 1986, the postal law of the new Ministry of Commerce was promulgated; In 1998, the postal industry implemented a major system reform, from "integration of Posts and Telecommunications" to "separation of Posts and Telecommunications"; In 2005, the postal industry was separated from administrative enterprises, and the postal supervision system and operation mechanism more adapted to the needs of the market economy. The reform of the postal industry has been further promoted, further emancipating and developing the productive forces and stimulating the innovation vitality of enterprises. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the postal industry has further strengthened its functions of government, people and trade, and further highlighted its fundamental role in serving economic and social development. China has become a global postal market with fast growth and great development potential.

（2） Remarkable achievements have been made in infrastructure construction, and postal services cover both urban and rural areas

Remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of postal infrastructure, and the scale of the industry has been expanding. After 70 years of large-scale construction, the postal industry has basically formed a modern postal network connecting urban and rural areas, covering the whole country and connecting the world through the comprehensive utilization of various forms of transportation by air, railway and highway. The receiving, mailing and delivery capacity has been greatly improved, and the convenience of postal use has been significantly improved. By the end of 2018, the total length of postal roads was 9.85 million kilometers and there were 275000 postal outlets, 14.0 times and 10.4 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 3.9% and 3.5% respectively. In 1949, the total amount of postal business in China was only 160 million yuan. In 2018, the total amount of postal business has reached trillions. The total amount of postal business completed in the whole year was 1234.5 billion yuan [3], and the growth rate is remarkable.

（3） The express industry is poised to rise from scratch, and the business scale has reached a new high

The express industry has sprung up and the market scale is expanding. In 1980 and 1984, China Post successively launched international and domestic express mail services, opening a precedent in express delivery business. Subsequently, the reform of postal system, the growth of residents' demand for goods delivery and the development of transportation have created unprecedented opportunities and conditions for the rise of express industry. With the magnificent reform process, the express industry has grown and expanded, and the express business volume has continued to stay ahead of the world since surpassing the United States for the first time in 2014. By the end of 2018, the total volume of express business had surged from 1.53 million in 1988 to 50.7 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 41.5%; In 2018, the express business revenue was 603.8 billion yuan, accounting for 76.4% of the postal business revenue.

The application of transportation equipment and information technology was accelerated, and the quality and efficiency of express service were gradually improved. The number of transportation equipment in the express industry has increased significantly. The application of a number of key technologies for the development of industries such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of things and intelligent sorting has been accelerated. Automated sorting covers key express enterprises, and the timeliness and stability of express services have been continuously improved. By the end of 2018, there were 116 domestic express special cargo aircraft and 239000 express service vehicles, 2.1 times and 1.5 times higher than that in 2013, with an average annual growth of 16.5% and 8.8%.

3、 The communication industry has developed by leaps and bounds, and the communication capacity has been significantly improved

The 70 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China have been 70 years of innovation in communication business and continuous changes in communication methods; It has been 70 years of catching up with and surpassing communication technology and continuously improving communication capacity.

（1） The pace of development of the communications industry has been gradually accelerated to achieve leapfrog development

From the early days of the founding of new China to the eve of reform and opening up, the communication industry developed slowly. At the beginning of the founding of new China, the infrastructure of the communication industry was extremely backward. The national long-distance cable was 1635 kilometers long, the total number of telephone users was 218000, and the telephone penetration rate was only 0.05 per 100 people. In the period before the reform and opening up, the development of the communication industry is in its infancy. The industry management system is that the government department (the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications) monopolizes the public telecommunications industry. By 1978, the national long-distance cable was 11864 kilometers long, with 1.93 million telephone users, and the telephone penetration rate increased to 0.4 per 100 people.

Reform and opening up have released policy dividends, and the development of the communication industry has been accelerating. With the development of economy and society, people's communication demand is increasing day by day. China continues to reform the industry management system, introduce the market competition mechanism, and promote the rapid development of the communication industry. From the integration of government and enterprises of the Ministry of Posts and telecommunications, the communication industry has undergone key changes such as post and Telecommunications separation and telecommunications restructuring, forming a tripartite competition pattern among China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, and the industry development environment has been continuously optimized. After the reform and opening up, the communication industry boldly introduced foreign advanced technology, and has gone through the process from introduction to digestion, absorption and innovation. The pace of modernization of the communication industry has been further accelerated. Especially after the 18th CPC National Congress, the State Council and the Ministry of industry and information technology have successively formulated the "broadband China" strategy, promoted the implementation of policies such as the "optical advance and copper retreat" project and "network speed and fee reduction". China has built a large global fixed network and mobile network, and made solid progress in the construction of "network power".

（2） The communication capability has been greatly improved and the user scale has grown

The communication network covers the whole country, and the communication capacity continues to improve. After 70 years of investment and construction, the scale and capacity of China's communication network have doubled, and a public telecommunications network covering the whole country and reaching the world, including optical fiber, satellite, program-controlled switching and mobile communication, has been built. By the end of 2018, the capacity of China's office switches was 131.09 million, 420.2 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 9.1%; The capacity of mobile switches has soared from 51000 in 1990 to 2.59 billion in 2018, with an average annual growth of 47.3%; The length of optical cable line increased from 557000 km in 1997 to 43.58 million km in 2018, with an average annual growth of 23.1%; The number of Internet broadband access ports increased from 18.023 million in 2003 to 890 million in 2018, with an average annual growth of 29.6%.

Communication technology has developed by leaps and bounds, and the technical level has caught up with and surpassed. In the 70 years since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's communication technology has developed rapidly, with technological breakthroughs and innovations in optical communication and mobile communication, realizing a leap from blank to leading. Optical fiber broadband continues to upgrade, and 100m optical fiber is gradually popularized in households. By the end of 2018, the number of optical fiber access (FTTH / O) users has reached 368 million; The field of mobile communication has experienced the rise of 1G blank, 2G follow, 3G breakthrough, 4G synchronization and 5g lead. Since 2014, China has built a large-scale 4G network with wide coverage in just two or three years. By the end of 2018, the total number of 4G users had reached 1.17 billion, accounting for 74.4% of all mobile phone users. China's 5g technology research and development was fully launched in early 2016, and efforts have been continuously strengthened in commercial applications.

The scale of users has grown, and the total amount of telecom services has increased rapidly. By the end of 2018, the number of telephone users in China had reached 1.75 billion, ranking first in the world. Among them, the number of fixed telephone users was 180 million, 836.0 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth of 10.2%; The number of mobile phone users was 1.57 billion, 522000 times that of 1988, with an average annual growth of 55.1%. The total number of mobile broadband users (i.e. 3G and 4G users) increased from 580 million at the end of 2014 to 1.31 billion at the end of 2018, with an average annual growth of 22.4%. The scale of users continued to grow, driving the rapid growth of total telecom business and revenue. In 2018, the total amount of telecom services reached 6555.6 billion yuan; The telecom business revenue was 1301 billion yuan, 13000 times that of 1950, with an average annual growth of 15.0%.

（3） The popularity of Internet applications has accelerated, and the Internet industry has a strong momentum

The number of Internet users has increased steadily, driving the rapid growth of mobile Internet access traffic consumption. The number of Internet users in China surged from 620000 in 1997 to 830 million in 2018, with an average annual growth of 40.9%. Among them, the proportion of Internet users accessing the Internet through mobile phones is as high as 98.6%???. With the improvement of mobile communication technology and 4G network coverage, the popularity of various mobile applications such as travel, catering and takeout has accelerated, driving the rapid growth of mobile Internet access traffic consumption. In 2018, the consumption of mobile Internet access traffic reached 71.1 billion GB, 56.1 times that of 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 123.8% in five years.

The deep integration of the Internet and the real economy has added vitality to the development of the new economy. The cross boundary integration of the Internet and various sectors of the economy and society has spawned a series of new Internet plus economic formats, which will inject new impetus to national economic growth. Cloud computing and industrial Internet have become important driving forces for enterprises' digital transformation. Large Internet platform enterprises continue to empower the real economy through technologies such as Internet, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, forming a number of industry-leading industrial Internet platforms. Digital consumption continues to release the potential of residents' demand. By the end of 2018, the number of online shopping users in China had reached 610 million, accounting for 73.6% of the total Internet users.

Looking back on the 70 years since the founding of new China, the transportation, post and telecommunications industries have achieved fruitful results. However, it should also be noted that China's transportation and post and telecommunications industry still faces many challenges. The problem of urban traffic congestion needs to be solved urgently, the traffic safety situation is still severe, the development of green transportation and intelligent transportation has just started, and the problems of network and information security are becoming increasingly prominent.